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Received : 19-06-2021

Accepted : 17-09-2021



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Get Permission Phalke Pallavi L, Thitame Sonal A, and Nawale Akshada S: Herbal drugs as immune-modulators in case of COVID-19

Current scenario tells us that the world is seviourly affected by covid-19 pandemic; Dec 2019 corona virus came into existence and changes our life completely. Prime moto is to take the safety precautions like wearing masks, using sanitizers, staying indoors and maintaining social distancing and strengthen the immunity. 1 This Disease is communicated by a Novel corona virus which is also known as acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 i.e. SARS-CoV2. This virus belong to seventh coronaviridea family which is responsible for infecting the human beings. 2, 3 The major reason fast spread of this disease is due to close contact with infected person through droplets eighter from sneezing or coughing. 4 this disease id having variety of symptoms and the symptoms are mild to severe. Majority of patient shows the fever followed by cough, myalgia and fatique. Sputum production and headache is also seen. Sometimes virus directly attacks the alveolar epithelial cell which may lead to respiratory failure which may be fetal to patient. 5

This small virus affects the drug to that large extend because of lack of drugs medicines and vaccines as well so to beat this condition one can follow all the rules and regulations regarding covid-19 and boost immunity. 1

Ayurveda and some traditional Chinese medicines from vedic period 1600-500 BCE, giving world the potential medicines to boost the immunity and cure against illness caused by micro-organism. 6 Drugs from ayurveda having wide range of effectiveness against various micro-organisms without showing any side effect. By taking herbal drugs or medicines which are having active chemical constituent which may be having therapeutic effect like anti-inflammatory, antiviral, etc. 7 Curcuma longa widely used as ayurvedic drug because of its effects like anti-oxidants, anti-inflammatory, anti mutagenic, anticancer, antimicrobial effects. 8, 9

The drugs containing active constituents like flavanoids, proanthocyanidins, saponins, monoterpenoids, triterpenoids, glucosides, sesquiterpenes, and alkaloids shows activity against viral infections. 10 Ashvagandha, giloe, tulasi, cardamom, cinnamon, cinchona, turmeric, amla, black pepper, fennel, garlic are some common examples of drugs used from the ancient times to cure multiple diseases. In india generally all this herbs are used in the day to day activities and some of the herbs are integral part of the Indian kitchen. Almost all the drugs having immunomodulatory activities. All this drugs are very common Indian day to day life. Every Indian no matter what religion, financial conditions, Geographical state, community they belong one of the above mentioned drug is used daily. All the drugs potentially proven for their immune modulatory, anti-oxidant and anti inflammatory properties. Because of that only the death rate in india is lower than others. 11

Glycyrhiza Glabra roots are used in treatment of bronchitis and gastritis from ancient times. It is also having anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory property.

Citrus Limon (Lemon)-Lemon is rich in vitamin C and it is also used to relieve cough and used as expectorant in bronchitis. It is also used as anti-inflammatory for sore throat. 12

Gingiber Officinalis (Ginger)-Many preclinical studies reports analgesics, expectorant, anti-pyretic and anti-inflammatory effect. It is also effective in common cold and cough, asthma. 13, 14

The dictoction of ginger, colve and piper nigrum provides humeral and cell mediated response to healthy as well as covid-19 infected person. It also reduces the nasal congestion. The drug like Tulsi is present in every home garden also having wide range of effects like anti-microbial aromatic etc. 15, 16, 17

References

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K Khanna SK Kohli R Kaur A Bhardwaj V Bhardwaj P Ohri Herbal immune-boosters: Substantial warriors of pandemic Covid-19 battlePhytomedicine20218515336110.1016/j.phymed.2020.153361

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R Cheepsattayakorn Cheepsattayakorn Proximal origin and phylogenetic analysis of COVID-19 (2019-nCoV or SARS-CoV-2)EC Microbiology202019912

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World Health Organization, Coronavirus Disease 2019, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland, 2020, https:// www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019

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S P Adhikari S Meng Y Wu Epidemiology, causes, clinical manifestation and diagnosis, prevention and control of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) during the early outbreak period: a scoping reviewInfect Dis Poverty2020929112

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C Huang Y Wang X Li Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in WuhanLancet202039510223497506

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D Chattopadhyay D Ojha S Mondal D Goswami P.K Muherjee Validation of antiviral potential of herbal ethnomedicineEvidence-Based Validation of Herbal MedicineElsevier, Public Health Care Collection2015175200

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M Sharma S A Anderson R Schoop J B Hudson Induction of multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines by respiratory viruses and reversal by standardized Echinacea, a potent antiviral herbal extractAntivir Res200983216570

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B Kocaadam N Şanlier Curcumin, an active component of turmeric (Curcuma longa), and its effects on healthCrit Rev Food Sci Nutr20175713288995

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L Zhang Y Liu Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: a systematic reviewJ Med Virol202092547990

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M Muchtaridi M Sugijanto A Mohd Gazzali H A Wahab Anti-neuraminidase bioactives from Manggis Hutan (Garcinia celebicaL.) leaves: Partial purification and molecular characterizationMolecules202025482110.3390/molecules25040821

11 

S Ahmad S Zahiruddin B Parveen P Basist A Parveen Gaurav Indian Medicinal Plants and Formulations and Their Potential Against COVID-19-Preclinical and Clinical ResearchFront Pharmacol20211157897010.3389/fphar.2020.578970

12 

N Papp S Bartha G Boris L Balogh Traditional Uses of Medicinal Plants for Respiratory Diseases in TransylvaniaNat Prod Comm2011610145960

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COLOMBIA (2008). Vademecum Colombiano de Plantas Medicinales (Bogotá:Ministerio de la Protecion Social /Imprenta Nacional Colombiana).2008

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WHO (1999). Monographs on selected medicinal plants (Geneva: World Health Organization)

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Brasil (2011). Formulário de Fitoterápicos da Farmacopeia Brasileira (Brasilia: Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária).

16 

F R Carrasco G Schmidt A L Romero J L Sartoretto S M Caparroz-Assef C A Bersani-Amado Immunomodulatory activity of Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Salvia officinalis L. and Syzygium aromaticum L. essential oils: evidence for humor-and cell-mediated responsesJ. Pharma Pharmacol20096179617

17 

S H Kim Y C Lee Piperine inhibits eosinophil infiltration and airway hyperresponsiveness by suppressing T cell activity and Th2 cytokine production in the ovalbumin-induced asthma modelJ Pharma Pharmacol20096133539



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