CARDIOMETABOLIC RISK AND TREATMENT PATTERNS IN SMOKERS VERSUS NON-SMOKERS WITH CORONARY ARTERY DISEASE: COMPARATIVE INSIGHTS FROM TELANGANA

Authors: nahiya fathima, B.shiva prasad, humera sadaf, G.Narender naik, akash Garshakurthi, K.ravinder reddy

DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcaap.13155.1761800930

Keywords: Keywords: Cardiovascular risk, Smoking, Dyslipidemia, Hypertension

Abstract: Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) continues to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality all over the world, with smoking being a major risk factor that is modifiable. Methods: A six-month observational study was carried out at a tertiary care hospital in Telangana. A total of 110 patients with diagnostically confirmed coronary artery disease were enrolled. These patients were split into two groups: smokers (n=55) and non-smokers (n=55). Demographics, comorbidities, lifestyle, lab parameters, and medications were recorded. Statistical analysis was done by using Student's t-test, considering a p-value of <0.05 indicating significance. Results: Smokers developed coronary artery disease (CAD) at an earlier age (41–50 years) compared to non-smokers (51–60 years). Smokers were more likely to have Hypertension (74.5% vs. 61.8%) and diabetes (67.3% vs. 36.9%). Smokers had significant lipid abnormalities, with higher levels of LDL (29.09%), VLDL (18.1%), triglycerides (25.4%), and total cholesterol (23.6%), and lower levels of HDL (40%). The difference in lipid profile between smokers and nonsmokers was statistically significant (p = 0.01). Furthermore, smokers exhibited higher rates of alcohol consumption, suboptimal sleep quality, obesity, elevated serum creatinine levels, and increased blood pressure. Medication use was more intensive in smokers, particularly clopidogrel (96.3%) and rosuvastatin (63.64%). Conclusion: Smoking leads to hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, and renal dysfunction by increasing the onset and progression of coronary artery disease. Risk management, early screening, cessation techniques, and intensive pharmacological management are essential.