A Detailed Exploration of Screening Techniques for the Pharmacological Evaluation of Antiulcer Agents

Authors: Vaghela Arunkumar

DOI: 10.18231/j.ijcaap.12714.1761733274

Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, NSAIDs, Cushing’s ulcer, cyst amine, histamine, proton pump inhibitors.

Abstract: Background Peptic ulcers are a common gastrointestinal issue that can develop due to various lifestyle and dietary habits. Factors such as unhealthy eating patterns, smoking, frequent alcohol intake, prolonged use of medications like NSAIDs, and a generally sedentary lifestyle are all known contributors. One of the earliest warning signs is a dull or sharp pain in the upper abdomen, which may point toward ulcer formation. This condition occurs when there is a disruption in the balance between the stomach’s protective mechanisms and harmful (aggressive) factors, resulting in sores in the lining of the oesophagus, stomach, or duodenum. Individuals may also experience alarming symptoms such as vomiting that resembles coffee grounds, blood in the stool, or black, tar-like bowel movements. This discomfort often worsens after meals and, if left untreated, typically leads individuals to consult a gastroenterologist. Objective Multiple experimental models have been developed to screen and evaluate the antiulcer potential of various drug candidates. The primary goal of this review is to explore and identify the most reliable and effective screening models for assessing antiulcer activity. Methods To gather relevant information, a systematic literature search was performed using reputable scientific databases, including ,Science Direct, and Pub Med. Keywords like *“anti-ulcer,” “in-vitro models,”* and *“in-vivo models”* were used to filter the search results. Further filters were applied to ensure that only high-quality and relevant research articles were included in this review. Results Our review covered a range of studies, including both original research and review papers, focused on various experimental models used to evaluate the antiulcer effects of new pharmaceutical compounds.